Spirit of King Award

Rev. Samson M. Cooper (October 5, 1931 - November 8, 2016) - Samson Menoah Cooper’s vocation to religious life began at the age of just 5 years old when he delivered his very first sermon in front of a packed congregation. By the time he was 9 years old, he followed in his father’s footsteps and was granted a formal license to preach by the St. Paul AME Church in Bellefonte, Pa.

Born October 5, 1931, Samson was the third of four children born to the late Rev. Solomon Morris Cooper and Mary Alice Freeman Cooper.

Samson graduated from Mount Union High School in 1949.

He went on to earn his B.A. degree in Sociology with a minor in Psychology from Wilberforce University in 1955 before earning a Master of Divinity degree from Payne Theological Seminary in 1956.

After graduation, Rev. Cooper pastored churches across Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania between 1956 and 2001. He then served as the presiding elder of the Pittsburgh District of the Pittsburgh Annual Conference from 2001 until he retired in 2007.
In addition to his ministry, he held many administrative and leadership roles in groups including: the African Methodist Episcopal Church, Third Episcopal District Presiding Elder’s Council, Hill District Five in One Ministerial Alliance, the Pittsburgh Annual Conference and General Conference.

Rev. Cooper was also active in the television broadcast ministry of Christian Associates. He used this platform to confront injustice.

Being one of the few black clergy on a predominantly white council, Rev. Cooper used his role to promote unity across divisions — of both denominations and race — and to address racial issues.

After nearly six decades of serving in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, Rev. Cooper retired and was united with the St. James African Methodist Episcopal Church in East Liberty. He also served as the supply pastor of Christ Temple African Methodist Episcopal Church in McKeesport until illness prevented him from doing so.

In addition to his ministry work, Rev. Cooper was active in politics and community services. He worked tirelessly to address racial injustices. He was a member of Pittsburgh’s Branch of the NAACP, on the board of the Black Political Empowerment Project (B-PEP) and the Sickle Cell Anemia Society and participated in the March on Washington in 1963.

Rev. Cooper also participated in two inaugurations for Gov. Jay Rockefeller and attended the inaugurations of President Bill Clinton, Gov. Robert Casey and Gov. Edward Rendell.
Rev. Cooper passed away on November 8, 2016 at the age of 85, leaving behind a legacy of promoting unity across divisions.

Rev. Cooper leaves behind five children: Samuel Aaron Cooper, Mary Rebecca Cooper-Ali, Demareus Naomi Cooper, The Rev. Solomon Cooper and Marcus Cooper.

The childhood of Wendell G. Freeland (February 21, 1925 - January 24, 2014) was shaped by the inescapable segregation he encountered at an early age. As a result, he spent his entire adult life fighting for racial equality and desegregation.

Born February 21, 1925 in Baltimore, Md, Wendell attended several segregated schools in the Baltimore Public School system. In 1941, he graduated from Frederick Douglass High School and received a scholarship to attend Howard University, another historically black school.

While still attending college, Wendell enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps in 1941 as a Tuskegee Airman in the 477th Bombardment Group– an entirely African American segregated unit. By the time he was 19 years old, Wendell had been arrested twice for defying Army segregation policies. During his second arrest, he was charged with mutiny, a crime punishable by execution, for his involvement in what is now known as the Freedom Field Mutiny. Later, Wendell and the other officers arrested during the Mutiny were released without a full court-martial due to a lack of evidence and the “bad optics” associated with the Army punishing black airmen who were challenging a discriminatory segregation policy.

Freeland went on to graduate cum laude from Howard University in 1947 and from the University of Maryland School of Law with honors in 1950. He was the first African American student at the University of Maryland elected to the honorary legal fraternity, the Order of the Coif, and one of the first African Americans to graduate from the University of Maryland.

In 1950, he moved to Pittsburgh and was admitted to the Pennsylvania Bar a year later.
One of the first cases Wendell took on was the desegregation of Highland Park Pool. Freeland sued the City of Pittsburgh to ensure the safety of African Americans who tried to swim at the pool.

Wendell later went on to chair the Urban League of Greater Pittsburgh’s education committee and served as its chairman of the Board of Directors from 1962-67. He played a major role in desegregating Pittsburgh Public Schools and advocated for hiring African American teachers.

Additionally, Wendell served many roles in the community including: president of Neighborhood Legal Services, president of the Homers S. Brown Law Association, member of the House of Delegates of the Pennsylvania Bar Association, and a member of the Judicial Conduct Board of Pennsylvania, senior vice president of the National Urban League Board of Trustees, chairman of the Board of Governors of the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies.

Wendell relentlessly fought for the advancement of women and minorities in the legal field his entire career. In 2010, he persuaded the state Supreme Court to posthumously admit George Vashon to the Pennsylvania bar, after twice being denied admission because he was black.

Survived by his wife (Jane), son (Michael), and daughter (Lisa), Wendell Freeland died on January 24, 2014 at the age of 88. He leaves behind a lasting legacy as a prominent leader and distinguished attorney in the fight for civil rights.

WATCH: 2026 Spirit of King Award Ceremony

Constance B.J. Parker (August 29, 1942 - July 27, 2017) known as “Connie” or “Jeannie” used her voice and leadership for community and neighborhood change. She was the first African American woman to hold the position of customer engineer with IBM on the east coast during a time when most major companies were not open to the idea of having African Americans- especially an African American woman- coming to their workplace to repair their equipment. She became one of the most requested customer engineers in the Pittsburgh area. In 1995, she worked at PennDOT as a liaison to Governor Tom Ridge. She was an also an active member of several boards including Port Authority of Allegheny County and Duquesne University Advisory Board, and a member of Eastern Star Cyrene #9. Connie was also a life member of the NAACP Pittsburgh Branch, where she rose to the position of president and steered many initaiatives. Her greatest accomplishment was meeting with past owners of Panera Bread to hire and prepare more African Americans for leadership roles in their establishments. After this Panera Bread became a partner for change to the NAACP Pittsburgh funding several projects including the Human Rights Banquet.

Growing up in Pittsburgh’s Hill District neighborhood provided Rob Penny (August 6, 1941 -March 16, 2003) with the subject matter he needed to pen over 30 plays and 300 poems throughout his illustrious career. In 1965, he along with his childhood friends co-founded the Centre Avenue Theater Workshop where they wrote poetry about their experiences living near Pittsburgh’s Centre Avenue. Mr. Penny and a childhood friend also established Black Horizons Theatre in 1968 where they produced numerous plays focusing on black empowerment, and created the Kuntu Writers Workshop which provided a forum for the next generation of young writers to publish their work. That same year Black Horizons Theatre was established, he was hired as part of the first cohort of Black Studies faculty at the University of Pittsburgh’s Africana Studies program. He became an associate professor, and went on to serve as the chair of the university’s Africana Studies Department alongside Dr. Vernell Lillie, who he co-founded the Kuntu Repertory Theatre with. Mr. Penny’s work expanded nationally to theaters in New York and Chicago, and his legacy lives on at the University of Pittsburgh after the school acquired the collection of his work to serve as an inspiration to future poets and playwrights. He was honored posthumously July 29, 2008 by Pittsburgh City Council for his commitment to social activism, dedication to helping area youths, and his service to the greater Hill District community. 

WATCH: 2025 Spirit of King Award Ceremony

Dr. Rex L. Crawley (April 30, 1964 - November 25, 2013) used his docotrate research focused primarily on black masculinity to begin his life's work preparing black males for success through education. After receiving international acclaim for his research, Dr. Crawley began providing intercultural communication consulting services across the United States and published numerous articles. He held many notable roles including the endowed chair and executive director of the Uzuri Think Tank, co-founder of the Black Male Leadership Development Institute (BMLDI), Board member of both the Community College of Allegheny County and the August Wilson Center for African American Culture, and president of the Kappa Scholarship Endowment Fund of Western Pennsylvania (KSEF), where he helped award more than $400,000 in scholarships to area students.

James F. Henry, Jr. (June 14, 1938 - July 26, 2003) began his career at the Kingsley Association, where his passion for serving others developed. Mr. Henry's work at the Kingsley Association lead him to a new opportunity with The Hill House Association in Pittsburgh’s Hill District, where he spent more than 25 years and was named Executive Director. Mr. Henry created meaningful opportunities in the Hill District, including establishing and administering new service programs for the African American community, helping to rebuild the Hill District community, and expanding the Hill House to include 17 essential health and social service programs.

WATCH: 2024 Spirit of King Award ceremony

John H. Adams (Sep 8, 1924 - Jun 5, 2011) founded the John H. Adams Agency, and published Pittsburgh’s first ever Black business directory called The New Negro Directory. When serving as director of the Pittsburgh Business Resource Center, John established the Western Pennsylvania Minority Supplier Development Council. It was one of the first councils of its kind to be established in the United States. It’s estimated that John counseled and helped certify more than 300 minority businesses.

Bill Nunn, Jr. (Sep 30, 1924 - May 6, 2014) had a profound role in sports, opening the door for many Black athletes. Bill's position upon graduating college as managing editor of the Pittsburgh Courier gave him unprecedented coverage to sports at historically Black colleges and universities. Bill also served as a scout for the Pittsburgh Steelers, where he used his connections to small Black college coaches to provide the opportunity for many Black athletes to play football. He helped the Pittsburgh Steelers win four Super Bowls from 1975 to 1980.

Dr. Sylvester Pace (Jan 18,1954-June 8, 2012) assisted young inner-city African American students find a pathway to college, transforming the Negro Educational Emergency Drive (NEED) into a nationally recognized college access program.

Bernard H. Jones, Sr. (Feb 13, 1931-Feb 4, 2002) had a special appreciation for helping inner city teenagers. As Community Services Director for the Friendly Service Bureau, he established the Explorer Scout Post (Explorer Post #48) to to mentor African American youth, and a few years later founded Urban Youth Action (UYA) to prepare youth in grades 9-12 for graduation. He was also influential in the formation of other support groups, including the POISE Foundation where he served as the President. The POISE Foundation made grants to support various minority and majority organizations with projects that directly impacted the black community.

Elmer Albert McClung (Oct 14, 1944 – Feb 3, 2020) helped put together the first anti-drug program in the county while working with the Allegheny County Health Department, grow the Kingsley Association through a variety of programs for children and later helped found the Spirit of King Award, which honors Pittsburghers of color who embody Martin Luther King’s spirit of community service.

Nate Smith, Sr. (1929-2011) was the first African American to become an official member of the Operating Engineer's Union Local 66 whose actions paved the way for other minorities to join unions. His work was recognized by several presidents and his legacy is showcased in an exhibit at the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis, Tenn.

Robert R. Lavelle (1915-2010) used his position as executive vice president and chief executive officer at Dwelling House Building and Loan in Pittsburgh's Hill District to ensure African Americans, particularly those who may not have qualified for a loan at other financial institutions, were able to secure home mortgages.

Harvey Adams, Jr. (1929-2009) held positions of authority in the community for more than three decades using those positions to become one of the most powerful and outspoken civil rights activists in Pittsburgh history. Mr. Adams worked as chief of the Pittsburgh Housing Authority Police and served as president of the NAACP Pittsburgh Chapter. He also fought to ensure African Americans workers had jobs during Pittsburgh’s Renaissance II project,  founded the Freedom from Hunger Campaign to benefit underprivileged families and helped establish the city’s African American Heritage Parade.

Judge Walter R. Little (1943-2006) was elected to the Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas and sat on a number of boards and held memberships with numerous professional and civic organizations throughout his career, including the Pittsburgh Chapter of the NAACP, Guardians of Greater Pittsburgh Inc., Sickle Cell Society, Auberle, Children of Love Theatre, Pittsburgh Community Services, National Association for the Study of Afro-American History, Smith Watkins Veterans Post No. 2, Allegheny County Prison Board and the Pennsylvania Bar Association.

Katie Everette-Johnson (1923-2017) fought to improve working conditions for factory workers and participated in numerous civil rights demonstrations with the Urban League of Pittsburgh. Later in her career, she became Port Authority’s first African-American manager when she was promoted to lead the Office of Equal Opportunity. In the late 1980s, Ms. Everette-Johnson helped establish the Spirit of King Award Ceremony in the late 1980s, and had served on the committee for nearly three decades.

Cmdr. Gwen Elliott (1945-2007) was a Pittsburgh police commander who helped found the Center for Victims of Violence and Crime and Gwen's Girls, a nonprofit organization dedicated to the needs of at-risk girls 8 to 18 years old.

Walt Harper (1926-2006) was a jazz musician and influential owner of the Crawford Grill in the Hill District. In the 1970s, Harper and his band were hired by the Pittsburgh Steelers to play at all home games, which they did until 2002.

Described by President Barack Obama as the “Godmother of the American Civil Rights Movement,” Dorothy I. Height (1912-2010) devoted her life to helping African American women overcome issues with illiteracy, unemployment and voter awareness. Ms. Height served as president of the National Council of Negro Women, a position she held for more than four decades. In 1963, Height helped organize the famed March on Washington during which she stood close to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. when he delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech. When Ms. Height died on April 20, 2010, at the age of 98, President Barack Obama ordered all flags to be flown at half-mast in her memory. The President also attended Ms. Height’s funeral and delivered her eulogy.

Dr. Curtis Walker (1932-2006) had a long and  successful career in education–first as a teacher, then as a top administrator for Pittsburgh Public Schools. In 1972, Dr. Walker became the first Director of the Consultative Resources Center on School Desegregation and Conflict at the University of Pittsburgh, the first university desegregation center in the North. He later left the university to serve as the Deputy Superintendent, Associate Superintendent and Executive Officer of the Pittsburgh School District’s Equity, Compliance and Community Relations Department.

K. Leroy Irvis (1916-2006) was a teacher, activist and politician. Irvis was first elected to represent Pennyslvania's 19th Legislative District in 1958, a seat he held for 15 consecutive terms until 1988. Irvis was the first African American to serve as a speaker of the house in any state legislature in the United States since Reconstruction. During his tenure, he sponsored more than 1,600 pieces of legislation. He also introduced the idea of community-based higher education system, and has been called “the father” of the Pennsylvania's present-day community college system.

During Pittsburgh’s civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, Rev. LeRoy Patrick (1915-2006) became a prominent activist who used his position to gain equality for African-Americans in the fields of education, employment and housing.

Among the most well-known Pittsburgh-born artists, August Wilson (1945-2005) was a playwright whose work included a series of ten plays called The Pittsburgh Cycle for which he received two Pulitzer Prizes. 

Dr. Barbara Ann Sizemore (1927-2004) left Washington, D.C. in 1975 -- where she was hired as the first African-American woman to serve as superintendent of schools to come to Pittsburgh to teach at the University of Pittsburgh. There, she conducted groundbreaking research on the relationship between low-income African-American children and education.

Dr. Edna Beatrice Chappell McKenzie (1923-2005) tackled social injustice even in the face of violence and intimidation. Her intellect and determination enabled her to overcome racial discrimination and succeed as a reporter, educator, historian, author and advocate for social change. In the 1940s, she became the only female reporter employed at The Pittsburgh Courier. Years later, she served as chairperson of the Black, Minority, and Ethnic Studies Department at the University of Pittsburgh.

Monsignor Charles Owen Rice (1908-2005) was one of the most influential religious figures in Western Pennsylvania history, using his positions as a Roman Catholic priest, a radio commentator and a newspaper columnist to support union workers, fight racism, reprimand the comfortable and champion the poor, the homeless and the imprisoned. In 1967, he walked arm-in-arm with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to the United Nations building to protest the Vietnam War, and spoke at the March on the Pentagon protest rally.

Rowlette Brown (1929-2001) worked untiringly for social justice. In 1958, he was elected to the first of six bi-annual terms as President of the Pittsburgh Branch of the NAACP and later served on legal and civic boards and committees, including the Lawyers Advisory Committee, US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, the Disciplinary Board, Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, the National Bar Association, the American Bar Association, the American Bar Foundation and the Academy of Trial Lawyers. He also served on the Board of Directors of The Pittsburgh Foundation.

Malvin R. Goode (1908-1995) became ABC-TV's first African-American reporter after working as a reporter for The Pittsburgh Courier and KQV radio. As a full-time news correspondent, Mr. Goode quickly made a name for himself at the network’s bureau at the United Nations. Throughout his distinguished career, Mr. Goode covered the Cuban Missile Crisis, the assassinations of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr., and the 1964 and 1968 Republican and Democratic National Conventions. His work inspired many young African-Americans to become journalists, including Ed Bradley, Max Robinson, Carol Simpson and Bernard Shaw.

In addition to serving the Pittsburgh community as president of the Pittsburgh branch of the NAACP, as president of the Pittsburgh Housing Authority Board, Bishop Charles H. Foggie (1912-2000) labored for racial equality with senators Robert Kennedy and Hubert Humphrey, and took part in a Papal Mass with Pope John Paul II in October 1979. On June 13, 1986, Congress paid tribute to his leadership by flying a flag over the U.S. Capitol in his honor.

Jake Milliones, Ph.D. (1940-1993) made history in 1983 when he became the Pittsburgh School Board’s first African-American president. As president, he advocating the hiring of African-American teachers, insisted on strong performance standards for both students and faculty, and sought administrative and staff accountability during a crucial period of desegregation in the schools. Six years later, Dr. Milliones was elected to the Pittsburgh City Council, where he championed the Crawford Square development in the Hill District and created the Freedom Corner monument. 

During his 27-year career at The Pittsburgh Courier, Frank E. Bolden (1912-2003) became one of the first two African-American accredited World War II correspondents. In 1962, Mr. Bolden left Pittsburgh to take a position with The New York Times before joining the National Broadcasting Company as a news reporter. He later returned to Pittsburgh and was hired by the Pittsburgh Board of Education as the associate director of Information Services and Community Relations, working to promote the system’s desegregation plan.

Celebrated photographer Charles “Teenie” Harris (1908-1998)  began working as a freelance photographer for The Pittsburgh Courier in 1936, later accepting a full-time position as staff photographer. During his career, Mr. Harris took more than 80,000 photos, capturing the City of Pittsburgh as well as a number of celebrities and dignitaries, including President John F. Kennedy, Joe Louis, Roberto Clemente, Duke Ellington and Lena Horne. Today, his negatives are stored in the Teenie Harris Archives of Pittsburgh’s Carnegie Museum of Art.

Richard F. Jones, Esq. (1899-1983) used his gifts as a trial lawyer to obtain recognition of the civil rights of all citizens. While serving as president of the Pittsburgh branch of the NAACP, Mr. Jones was actively engaged in the successful suit to open Highland Park’s swimming pool to all citizens. Mr. Jones was instrumental in other milestone events for Pittsburgh’s African-American community, including the hiring of African-American teachers in Pittsburgh Public Schools and the hiring of African-American workers in defense industries and government following World War II. 

Following the 1971 Attica Prison riot that left 39 inmates dead, Mamie H. Lee (1938-1984) began a prison reform movement in Pittsburgh called Vibrations that fought for fair and ethical treatment of inmates in Western Penitentiary and prisons throughout the state. In 1982, she became the first African-American to be appointed president of the national Meals on Wheels program.

Robert E. Williams (1907-1964) had a pioneering and dynamic political career in Pittsburgh that lasted more than three decades. In 1931, Mr. Williams was appointed to his first political position as deputy constable of Pittsburgh’s 5th Ward. He would later open his own private detective agency. Years of hard work and dedication earned Mr. Williams many notable distinctions. He became the first African-American detective in Pittsburgh (1945), the first African-American appointed as a magistrate in Pittsburgh (1946) and the first African-American in the state to be elected as a Democratic ward chairman (1947). 

Dr. Eugene Lloyd Youngue, Jr. (1914-2002) became an active and well-respected member of the medical community while breaking down racial barriers in the healthcare industry. Dr. Youngue came to Pittsburgh in 1950 to work at the Veterans Hospital in Oakland. Despite his impressive experience, Dr. Youngue faced racial discrimination and worked tirelessly to bring ethnic and racial equality to the healthcare industry. In addition to devoting much of his life to serving and educating others, Dr. Youngue also authored more than 50 award-winning educational articles based on personal medical experiences and belonged to many professional organizations in and around the region.

Everett Emory Utterback, Esq. (1906-1992) overcame humble beginnings to achieve a successful law career and many firsts at the University of Pittsburgh. At Pitt, Utterback became the first African-American to captain a varsity team. He was also the first African-American to sit on the university’s Board of Trustees, and was involved in many professional organizations in the Pittsburgh area.

Florence Reizenstein (1901-1970) was a founding member and commissioner of the Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations, as well founder and vice-president of the Negro Educational Emergency Drive (NEED) and the first president of the United Jewish Foundation’s Women’s Division. She was also a member of the NAACP, the Urban League, the National Conference of Christians and Jews, and the United Nations Association of Pittsburgh, among several other affiliations and accomplishments. The former Reizenstein Middle School in East Liberty/Shadyside was named after her.

Rev. Elmer Louis Williams (1931-1990) became one of Pittsburgh’s most respected religious leaders, combining ministry with social activism to address the needs of the African-American community. Under his leadership, the Sixth Mount Zion Baptist Church purchased the Dr. J.C. Hairston Center and 28 homes near the church to provide low-cost rentals to residents – an area now known as Elmer L. Williams Square. Rev. Williams helped shape desegregation plans as a member of the Pittsburgh School Board and served on the University of Pittsburgh’s Board of Trustees.

William Clarence "Billy" Eckstine (1914-1993) was founder of The Billy Eckstine Orchestra, one of the first big bands to play the bebop style of jazz. Mr. Eckstine’s band introduced a number of legendary jazz artists to the world, including Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Wardell Gray and Sarah Vaughn. His successful ballads include “Everything I Have is Yours,” “ Blue Moon,” “Caravan,” “My Foolish Heart,” “I Apologize” and “Something More.”

George W. Gaines, Sr. (d. 1953) always dreamed of being a business owner. After graduating from Mortuary Science School with high honors at age 15, and in 1919 opened what was to become the largest funeral home in the Pittsburgh area. Mr. Gaines introduced the concept of a lead car and flower car in a funeral procession, individual family parlors and on-site casket selection.

Dr. Selma Hortense Burke (1900-1995) was one of the 20th century’s finest African-American artists. Her portrait-sculpture of President Franklin D. Roosevelt is credited as the inspiration used in designing the Roosevelt dime. In 1940, she founded the Selma Burke School of Sculpture in New York City, and later created the Selma Burke Art Center in Pittsburgh, which would eventually become the Kingsley Center.

Charles Henry Kindle (1927-1993) was a passionate fighter for equality and justice around the world. Mr. Kindle is believed to have chaired the first African Affairs Committee of any NAACP branch in the country. Mr. Kindle served as president of the Penn Hills branch of the NAACP, and was instrumental in the construction of a baseball field there, which was dedicated and named in his honor in 1996.

Dr. Alma Johnson Illery (1900-1972) was a national civil rights pioneer. She founded Camp Achievement in Fayette County as a retreat for inner-city children. Dr. Illery also single-handedly urged Congress to establish January 5 as George Washington Carver Day. A small community hospital in Homewood was renamed the Alma Illery Medical Center in her honor.

Dr. James A. Stewart (1921-1994) was a pioneer in the field of medicine. While on staff at Mercy Hospital in 1974, he received the Fred C. Kluth Award for Outstanding Achievement in Public Health. Dr. Stewart originated the idea of a public health facility, and became medical director of the Homewood-Brushton Neighborhood Health Center. He later formed Primary Health Care Services.

Hazel Garland (1913-1988) became the first American woman to serve as editor of a nationally circulated newspaper chain when she was named to the post at the Pittsburgh Courier in 1972. She was named Editor of the Year by the National Newspaper Publishers Association in 1974 and received a National Headliner Award in 1975 from Women in Communications.

Dr. Oswald Jerry Nickens (1921-1995) was the first African-American physician to join the staff at both UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital and West Penn Hospital. Dr. Nickens was also a founding member of the New World National Bank, the first local bank owned by African-Americans, and the Central Medical Pavilion.

Louis Mason, Jr. (1915-1984) served as director of the Industrial Relations Department of the Urban League of Pittsburgh, executive director of the Mayor's Commission on Human Relations, deputy director of the Fair Employment Practices Commission and as president of Pittsburgh City Council.

Frankie Pace (1905-1989) was a tireless civic worker who in 1942 helped form a neighborhood group that later became the Citizens Committee for Hill District Renewal. She also served on the Board of Directors of the Urban League of Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh branch of the NAACP.

Oliver Wendell Mason was one of the first African-Americans hired by the Pittsburgh Police Department in 1944, eventually serving as a detective. During his career of more than 20 years, Mr. Mason played an important role in reducing juvenile delinquency and gang violence in the region.

Oliver Livingstone Johnson (1891-1971) became the first African-American prosecuting attorney in the Allegheny County District Attorney’s Office in 1942 and later practiced before the United States Supreme Court.

Daisy E. Lampkin (1883-1965) fought for civil rights on the national scene as vice president of the Pittsburgh Courier, field secretary of the NAACP and chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs, Inc. Locally, she served on the Board of Directors of the Urban League of Pittsburgh.

John Brewer, Sr. (1917-1987) became the first African-American principal in the City of Pittsburgh School District in 1954 and was twice honored as an Outstanding Educator of Pittsburgh.

Robert L. Vann (1887-1940) founded the Pittsburgh Courier in 1910 and was national director of Negro Publicity for the presidential campaigns of Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover.

Mary Cardwell Dawson (1894-1962) founded the National Negro Opera Company in 1941 to help African-American singers and musicians achieve their professional goals. She also developed the Cardwell School of Music in Homewood in 1926, which produced award-winning choirs that performed at World's Fairs in Chicago and New York.

Hall of Fame baseball player Roberto Clemente (1934-1972) starred with the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1954 to 1972, winning numerous honors during his career, including National League MVP in 1966 and 12 Gold Glove awards. He was tragically killed in a plane crash en route to Nicaragua to deliver aid to earthquake victims, and is the namesake of Major League Baseball’s Roberto Clemente Award, which is presented to players who give back to their communities.

Josh Gibson (1911-1947) was a Negro League baseball player with the Homestead Grays and Pittsburgh Crawfords. An inspiration to many African-American athletes, Mr. Gibson was often referred to as the “black Babe Ruth” and was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1972.

Mary Elizabeth Goode Dudley (1912-1964), better known by her radio name, Mary Dee, became the first African-American woman radio announcer in Western Pennsylvania in 1948. In 1958, the Homestead native became the first African-American woman to become a member of American Women in Radio and Television.

Margaret L. Dobbins Milliones (1939-1978) was the first African-American woman elected to the City of Pittsburgh School Board. Ms. Milliones worked with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. during her lifetime and also served as chairperson for the Black Women's Forum, which organized local women to address community issues.

James McCoy, Jr. (1919-1978) was a tireless worker for human rights. Mr. McCoy was founder of the United Negro Protest Committee, an important contingent in the local civil rights movement, and Freedom House Enterprises, a nonprofit organization designed to establish minority-owned businesses in the Pittsburgh area.

Matthew Moore, Sr. (1922-1985) dedicated his life to achieving racial equality for minorities, serving as the first vice president of the Pittsburgh branch of the NAACP and a board member of the Pennsylvania branch of the NAACP, among other positions.

Wilhelmina Byrd Brown (1902-1985) was the first recipient of the Spirit of King Award. Ms. Brown dedicated 50 years of her life to public service, participating in dozens of community boards and organizations, most notably the YWCA, the Community Chest and the United Service Organization.